Let's consider two different documents, which contain information about various arms stockpiles. The sensitivity levels present in the DoD system, in order from most sensitive to least sensitive, are: Top Secret, Secret, Confidential, Restricted, and Unclassified.Ī label contains a sensitivity level and a compartment that describes what kind of data is contained in the document. In the Department of Defense, documents have classifications and users have clearances. A user may not be able to access resources from which they stand to enjoy a material gain. For example, we may have a policy that prevents conflict of interest. In the commercial world, we don't have notions of clearance and classification, so the labels will look different. The compartment is used to describe what kind of information a document contains and what categories of information a user can access. In the Department of Defense, the labels will include a clearance level for users and a classification level for documents, as well as a compartment. The exact nature of what the labels look like, how we compare them, and the result of the comparison depends on the particular policy being implemented. Labels must have an order so that the system can make consistent decisions.įor example, if A > B > C, the system will deny access to a document with label A to a user with label B, but will grant that user access to a document with label C. In order to grant access decisions, we have to be able to compare labels. While the TCB does not assign these labels, it uses labels to determine whether a given user can access a given resource. Labels can also contain categories, which can be used to group users or documents. In mandatory access control, users and resources/documents will have certain labels associated with them.Ī label is simply an identifier that will tell us how sensitive certain information is, or how privileged a certain user is. The point is that these access control decisions are not dictated by the individual performing data entry on the patient's record, but rather by the hospital and the government. Of course, there is a need to share your medical information - if you see a new doctor, for instance. HIPAA is the legislation in the United States that dictates how records can be accessed and shared. In addition, there are regulatory requirements that limit how medical information can be shared and control how patient records can be accessed. We regard health information as highly sensitive and, as such, seek to limit who can access and/or share this information.
Hospitals store and process electronic health records (EHRs), which contain medical information about patients. Hospitals are a great example of an entity that needs to employ mandatory access control. DAC QuizĭAC can't control information flow, so we must use MAC. In mandatory access control, decisions about sharing information are not made at the discretion of the user. To address these problems, we will explore another model for access control: mandatory access control (MAC). Most employers do not leave the decisions about data sharing in the hands of their employees, but rather mandate explicit policies about who can share what. While DAC allows users to control direct access to a file, we can't actually prevent the spread of data contained in that file that is, we can't control the information flow.Īnother problem with DAC is that it doesn't reflect how most organizations treat their data. Charlie now has effective access to the file that Alice didn't want to share with him in the first place. Bob copies the contents into a new file, and shares that file with Charlie. To illustrate the first problem with DAC, let's consider the following scenario.Īlice owns a file and gives read access to Bob, but not to Charlie. In particular, we focused on discretionary access control (DAC), whereby the user who creates a resource is the owner of that resource and can choose to give access to other users. In the last lesson we talked about access control. Mandatory Access Control Discretionary Access Control Cost Benefit Certification Tradeoffs Quiz Solution.Cost Benefit Certification Tradeoffs Quiz.Earning an EAL4 Certification Quiz Solution.Policies for Commercial Environments Part 2.Policies for Commercial Environments Part 1.
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